From the structural point of view, the vehicle chassis is mainly divided into four major systems:
1、Drivetrain: mainly contains clutch, transmission, universal transmission, main reducer, differential and half-shaft, etc.
2, driving system: axle, frame, suspension, wheels, etc.
3、Steering system: steering wheel, steering shaft, steering column, etc.
4、Brake system: mainly consists of energy supply device, control device, transmission device and brake.
The usual maintenance needs to start from the above four systems:
1, the transmission system
Transmission system maintenance, first of all, we must check the transmission oil tank, check the oil quality and oil level, if there is a change, need to replace or add in a timely manner.
Note that the transmission bearings also need to add lubricant.
In the process of maintenance, also check whether the dust jacket is damaged, if damage occurs, it should be replaced in time.
Check the oil quality and oil level of the reducer, add and replace the appropriate amount, and keep it in a sealed state to avoid oil leakage.
In the process of seasonal maintenance, especially in winter and summer, the use of oil is different, pay special attention to the oil concentration. In general, the viscosity of the oil will change with the temperature, try to choose a lower viscosity oil in winter and a higher viscosity oil in summer, so that the engine can be used more smoothly.
It is worth noting that when refueling the vehicle in winter and summer, you also need to control the oil quantity. When the oil warning light or oil pressure gauge is on, you should find a suitable location to stop and check the oil quantity, and if the oil quantity is insufficient, you need to add it in time. Pay attention to add the correct oil according to the model of the car, do not mix to add, so as to avoid the residual large amount of mixture in the gasoline tank and the formation of carbon.
2、Running system
It is necessary to check whether the wheel bearing tightness is appropriate, whether the front wheel positioning is accurate, and whether the tire air pressure meets the standard.
If the wheel bearings are too tight, it will increase the friction of wheel rotation; if they are too loose, the wheels will be easily skewed or swayed during driving. It is recommended that owners regularly go to a professional repair store to check and adjust the wheel hub tightness to keep the wheel rims in the best condition.
Front wheel positioning can ensure that the wheels are in a pure rolling state, maintaining the vehicle's driving smoothness and steering lightness, if the front wheel positioning is not accurate, it is easy to cause the vehicle to roll in the front wheel with slippery, improve wheel wear, so that the vehicle driving and ground friction resistance increases, resulting in poor gliding performance and increased fuel consumption. Owners can usually go to professional repair stores for four-wheel alignment.
Tire pressure is best adjusted according to the weather and road conditions in a timely manner.
3、Steering system
The steering fluid is often under continuous extreme pressure and high temperature, which makes it easy for pollution to deteriorate and lose lubricating properties, generating varnish and other deposits, leading to steering difficulties and shaky steering wheel. If the deposits are not regularly removed, it is easy to cause damage to the hydraulic oil pump in the system, resulting in high maintenance costs.
The maintenance of the steering system mainly includes the following points:
Decelerating and slowing down when driving on potholes to reduce the load on the steering machine;
Checking the condition of the dust sheath once a month, if the sheath is found to be broken it must be replaced immediately, and doing a thorough inspection and maintenance on the steering before replacement;
After doing four-wheel alignment to adjust the front beam and change the steering tie rod, pay special attention to the protective sleeve cannot be distorted and deformed, and the assembly is not in place, otherwise it is easy to cause damage to the sleeve;
Every 100,000 km or so should be a comprehensive maintenance of the steering machine, comprehensive cleaning, refilling grease;
The steering machine is used in harsh conditions and under heavy load, special grease must be used, ordinary grease cannot meet the requirements of use;
If the gap of the steering wheel gradually increases in use, if the left and right air travel of the steering wheel exceeds 15 degrees, the steering machine must be inspected, such as abnormal wear of the gear and rack is serious, the steering machine assembly must be replaced, if there is no abnormal wear, only the gap is too large, it can be adjusted.
4、Braking system
Good braking performance is the guarantee of safe driving. If you find that the vehicle brake run or brake effectiveness decline, you must promptly to the repair point for repair or replacement. For safety's sake, it is best to test the brake in advance before driving, to ensure that no abnormalities before leaving.
Now the weather has turned cold, how to do a good job of maintaining the brake system?
Winter temperature is low, the seal or gasket is relatively hard, easy to lead to shrinkage at the sealing pipe joints, before leaving the car must check the sealing of each joint of the air line, it is best to touch one by one, in time to tighten a tight or reinstallation.
Check the main car dryer tank, to ensure that the main car air source is dry and moisture-free.
In winter, the temperature is mostly below zero degrees, and the gas can easily produce water droplets, so the main car and trailer gas storage tank needs to be drained regularly to ensure the dry gas used for brakes. If the water is not drained in time, the damp gas inside the storage cylinder will easily enter the valve body and freeze when the temperature is below zero, causing the piston to seize and affecting the braking performance.
The ABS is connected to multiple sensor connectors, and it is important to do a good job of checking and maintaining each sensor connector. At the same time, ABS gear ring should be removed and cleaned regularly to ensure that the gear ring and probe sensing signal is good and the joint is free of grease and ash.
In order to ensure stable braking performance of the trailer, in addition to the routine maintenance of the brake system and maintenance, the choice of a quality, stable performance of the axle is also very critical. The higher the quality of the axle, the more sensitive and reliable its braking performance, can provide protection for driving safety in cold weather.
